See ar in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "thereupon",
"translation": "thereupon",
"word": "ar hynny"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "from upon",
"translation": "from upon",
"word": "y ar"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "ar"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "cel-bry-pro:*ar<id:in front of>",
"id": "on"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Celtic\", \"term\" : \"*ɸari\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"cel-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Celtic\", \"term\" : \"*ɸare\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"cel-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Brythonic\", \"term\" : \"*ar\", \"lang\" : \"cel-bry-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle Welsh\", \"term\" : \"ar\", \"lang\" : \"wlm\" }\" data-id=\"on\" data-lang=\"wlm\" data-title=\"ar\" id=\"Middle_Welsh:_on\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "on"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*ar",
"id": "in front of",
"t": "in front of"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *ar (“in front of”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*ɸare"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ɸare",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Brythonic *ar (“in front of”), from Proto-Celtic *ɸare.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "g",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "arnaf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arnam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "arnat",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arnawch",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "arnaw m",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "arnei",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "erni f",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "arnunt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "er",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "preposition",
"3": "triggers lenition"
},
"expansion": "ar (triggers lenition)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"on, upon"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-ar-wlm-prep-cEUrieum",
"links": [
[
"on",
"on"
],
[
"upon",
"upon"
]
],
"tags": [
"triggers-lenition"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 97 3 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 95",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Welsh prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 88 8 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Welsh pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 87 8 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Welsh relative pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"over, of (of a ruler with respect to the area ruled)"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-ar-wlm-prep-YArZvDDG",
"links": [
[
"over",
"over"
],
[
"of",
"of"
]
],
"tags": [
"triggers-lenition"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ar/"
}
],
"word": "ar"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "whoever"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "er",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "pronoun",
"cat2": "relative pronouns"
},
"expansion": "ar",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"he/she who, whoever"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-ar-wlm-pron-Okcwbt34",
"links": [
[
"he",
"he"
],
[
"she",
"she"
],
[
"who",
"who"
],
[
"whoever",
"whoever"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"that which, whatever"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-ar-wlm-pron-Grfcp~51",
"links": [
[
"that",
"that"
],
[
"which",
"which"
],
[
"whatever",
"whatever"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ar/"
}
],
"word": "ar"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle Welsh lemmas",
"Middle Welsh prepositions",
"Middle Welsh pronouns",
"Middle Welsh relative pronouns",
"Middle Welsh terms derived from Proto-Brythonic",
"Middle Welsh terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Middle Welsh terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle Welsh terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (before)",
"Middle Welsh terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *preh₂-",
"Middle Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Brythonic",
"Middle Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Middle Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Pages with 51 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "thereupon",
"translation": "thereupon",
"word": "ar hynny"
},
{
"english": "from upon",
"translation": "from upon",
"word": "y ar"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "ar"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "cel-bry-pro:*ar<id:in front of>",
"id": "on"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Celtic\", \"term\" : \"*ɸari\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"cel-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Celtic\", \"term\" : \"*ɸare\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"cel-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Brythonic\", \"term\" : \"*ar\", \"lang\" : \"cel-bry-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle Welsh\", \"term\" : \"ar\", \"lang\" : \"wlm\" }\" data-id=\"on\" data-lang=\"wlm\" data-title=\"ar\" id=\"Middle_Welsh:_on\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "on"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*ar",
"id": "in front of",
"t": "in front of"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *ar (“in front of”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*ɸare"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ɸare",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Brythonic *ar (“in front of”), from Proto-Celtic *ɸare.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "g",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "arnaf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arnam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "arnat",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arnawch",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "arnaw m",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "arnei",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "erni f",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "arnunt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "er",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "preposition",
"3": "triggers lenition"
},
"expansion": "ar (triggers lenition)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"on, upon"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"on",
"on"
],
[
"upon",
"upon"
]
],
"tags": [
"triggers-lenition"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"over, of (of a ruler with respect to the area ruled)"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"over",
"over"
],
[
"of",
"of"
]
],
"tags": [
"triggers-lenition"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ar/"
}
],
"word": "ar"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle Welsh lemmas",
"Middle Welsh pronouns",
"Middle Welsh relative pronouns",
"Pages with 51 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "whoever"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "er",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "pronoun",
"cat2": "relative pronouns"
},
"expansion": "ar",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"he/she who, whoever"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"he",
"he"
],
[
"she",
"she"
],
[
"who",
"who"
],
[
"whoever",
"whoever"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"that which, whatever"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"that",
"that"
],
[
"which",
"which"
],
[
"whatever",
"whatever"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ar/"
}
],
"word": "ar"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ar meaning in Middle Welsh (4.5kB)
{
"called_from": "page/1713/20221215",
"msg": "later head without list of senses,template node #, ar/Middle Welsh",
"path": [
"ar"
],
"section": "Middle Welsh",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "ar",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/1713/20221215",
"msg": "later head without list of senses,template node #, ar/Middle Welsh",
"path": [
"ar"
],
"section": "Middle Welsh",
"subsection": "pronoun",
"title": "ar",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle Welsh dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-05-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-05-01 using wiktextract (f69e205 and 9452535). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.